Breakthrough Tracker

Recent phase 3 trial results broaden the use of immunotherapy across neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and refractory settings in non‑small cell lung cancer.

Adding pembrolizumab to standard chemotherapy markedly improves outcomes for early‑stage triple‑negative breast cancer.

Phase III Xevinapant plus radiotherapy shows benefit for high‑risk, cisplatin‑ineligible locally advanced head‑and‑neck cancer, including oral cavity tumors.

Phase 3 trial results for pembrolizumab combined with chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer have been posted.

Phase 3 PANOVA‑3 trial results combining Tumor Treating Fields with gemcitabine + nab‑paclitaxel in front‑line locally‑advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were posted in early 2026.

Phase III Xevinapant plus radiotherapy improves outcomes in high‑risk, cisplatin‑ineligible locally advanced head‑and‑neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Multiple phase 3 colorectal‑cancer trials reported results in 2026, introducing new immunotherapy and targeted‑therapy combinations for metastatic and early‑stage disease.

Phase 3 trial NCT04879368 evaluating regorafenib + nivolumab ± docetaxel/paclitaxel versus standard chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer posted results in June 2026.

Phase 3 trial results for novel immunotherapy‑targeted combinations in metastatic and locally advanced esophageal cancer were posted in 2026.

Often silent until advanced; BRCA changes make some cases strongly treatable.

Unusually common in northern and north-eastern India, along the Gangetic plain - and little studied.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: linked to hepatitis B and C, alcohol and fatty liver disease.

The most common cancer in men in many countries, and rising in Indian cities.

Renal cell carcinoma: often found by chance on a scan; targeted drugs and immunotherapy changed its outlook.

Strongly linked to smoking; blood in the urine is the warning sign.

Usually very treatable; more common in women.

Cancer of the womb lining, rising with obesity; bleeding after the menopause is the warning sign.

The most aggressive brain cancer, with few treatments - a top priority for new ideas.

Skin cancer where immunotherapy first transformed survival.

Cholangiocarcinoma: rare, hard to treat, with new targeted options for FGFR2 and IDH1 changes.

A fast-growing lung cancer closely tied to smoking, with few targeted options.

The hardest-to-treat breast cancer, more common in younger women.

Caused by asbestos; a rare cancer of the lining of the lungs.

Linked to the Epstein-Barr virus; more common in north-east India.

A fast blood cancer of adults, with many new targeted drugs (FLT3, IDH, menin).

The most common childhood cancer - most children are now cured.

A slow blood cancer of older adults, transformed by BTK and BCL2 inhibitors.

The first cancer tamed by a targeted pill (imatinib).

The most common aggressive lymphoma; CAR-T and bispecific antibodies are new options.

A lymphoma of young adults that is usually curable.

A cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow; many new drugs, but still rarely cured.

A cancer of young children that grows from nerve cells.

Bone cancer of teenagers and young adults, with little progress in decades.

Rare cancers of muscle, fat and connective tissue - more than 50 kinds.

The most common cancer in young men, and usually curable.

A rare eye cancer, unlike skin melanoma, that often spreads to the liver.