Exploring Biomarkers for Therapeutic Response of Lupus Nephritis Based on Multi Omics Analysis

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 16-60 years. 2. Fulfilling the 2012 SLICC classification for SLE. 3. Renal biopsy pathology was clearly classified as III \\ IV \\ V+III \\ V+IV within 6 months. 4. Renal biopsy reveals active disease. 5. 24-hour urinary protein was tested twice within two weeks, both of which were greater than 1g. 6. The patients have never received glucocorticoid/immunosuppressants or received standard treatment for more than 1 month without change. The standard treatment should fulfill: a. prednisone 0-20mg/day, or equivalent other glucocorticoids; b. acceptable immunosuppressants, including Tacrolimus ≤ 4mg/d, methotrexate ≤ 15mg/week, azathioprine ≤ 100mg/d and MMF ≤ 1g/d. 7. Informed consent obtained. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Other concomitant connective tissue diseases or autoimmune diseases. 2. Neuropsychiatric lupus, alveolar hemorrhage, retinal lesions, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or other severe organ involvement. 3. Pregnant or lactating women. 4. Current infections that require antibiotic or antiviral treatment. 5. Other kidney diseases. 6. Platelet \< 50×10\^9/L. 7. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) that is greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal value. 8. Total bilirubin or blood lipid that is greater than 2 times the upper limit of the normal value. 9. Other conditions that not suitable for inclusion in the study, assessed by the investigators.