In Vivo Dosimetry for Brachytherapy Study

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged 18 years and above * Patients receiving HDR brachytherapy using iridium-192 (192Ir) radioactive source either as a monotherapy or in combination with external beam radiotherapy for: 1. histologically/radiologically proven primary or locally recurrent prostate cancer 2. locally advanced gynaecological malignancy in the primary and recurrent setting * primary cervix carcinoma (squamous, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous) FIGO IB2-IVA * primary vulval FIGO I-IVA * primary vaginal FIGO I-IVA * primary endometrial cancer FIGO Stage I-IVA (not suitable for surgery) * endometrial cancer receiving adjuvant vaginal vault brachytherapy * recurrent cervix, vulval, vaginal or endometrial cancer suitable for brachytherapy as discussed in a regional gynae-oncology multidisciplinary meeting. * World Health Organisation (WHO) or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2 Exclusion Criteria: * Previous brachytherapy exposure to the treatment site * Patients unable to give informed consent * Patients unable to have a regional or general anaesthetic * Patients with the following medical conditions: coagulopathies, history of another primary malignancy, known allergy or sensitivity to study materials; previous or current fistulae * Not able to understand the implications of participating in the study in English * Patients with recent (within the last 6 months) or currently participating in interventional research