Genomic of CONgenital Sideroblastic Anemias

Congenital sideroblastic anemias (CSA) are a group of rare disorders characterized by abnormal iron utilization during erythropoiesis, leading to mitochondrial iron overload, the formation of ring sideroblasts, and ineffective erythropoiesis resulting in anemia. Ring sideroblasts are erythroid precursors that contain non-heme iron deposits in their mitochondria, forming a distinctive ring-like pattern around the nucleus. Mitochondria are double membrane organelle provide a large amount of energy for cellular activities, by the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The role of mitochondria has been well described in erythropoiesis. CSA exhibits clinical heterogeneity, affecting only the erythroid system in some cases, while in others presenting as part of broader syndromic conditions. Their molecular basis remains imperfectly known, although the development of next- generation se