Genetic Risk Score of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus for Progression to Insulin in Diabetic Patients Lack of Predictive Value: a Multicenter Nested Case-control Study

Inclusion Criteria: * Gender is not restricted. * Age ranges from 14 to 50 years old. * Diagnosis of diabetes within \< 1 year: 1. If there are diabetes symptoms and meet any of the following criteria:① Plasma glucose at any time ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or② Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), or③ Plasma glucose 2 hours after OGTT/post - meal ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or④ HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. 2. If there are no diabetes symptoms, another test on a different day is required for diagnosis. * Newly - diagnosed diabetes patients whose type diagnosis is considered unclear clinically. Exclusion Criteria: * Peak C-peptide \< 200 pmol/L; * Gestational diabetes, monogenic diabetes (neonatal diabetes, MODY), exocrine pancreatic diseases (cystic fibrosis), diabetes caused by drugs or chemicals; * Those who have been under long-term treatment with hormones or immunosuppressants; * Pregnant or lactating women; * Those with concurrent malignant tumors or severe heart, liver, and kidney diseases; * Those with an expected survival time of less than 3 years; * Those with mental disorders or unable to cooperate with the investigation for other reasons; * Acute phase of diabetic ketoacidosis; * Stress conditions such as severe infection, fever, trauma, and major surgery; * Patients lacking major clinical information; * Those considered by the researcher as unfit to participate in this study.