Acute Effects of Ketone Monoester Co-ingestion With Dietary Protein on Whole-body Phenylalanine Oxidation, Phenylalanine Retention, and Myofibrillar Protein Breakdown Following Resistance Exercise in Young Males.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult male aged 18-35 at time of initial screening. * Generally healthy (no uncontrolled diseases or conditions) as determined by health history, and if necessary, physician clearance. * BMI between 18.5 and 30 kg·m-2 (inclusive) at time of initial screening. * Maintenance of a stable body weight for at least 3 months prior to participation and willingness to maintain this weight during the duration of this study * Maintained stable use of medication and supplements (which are not limited by the exclusion criteria), and stable dietary and lifestyle habits for the last 3 months prior to screening and agree to maintain them throughout the study * Minimum 6 months of resistance training experience with a minimum of 2 sessions/week * Able and willing to understand and agree to the requirements and restrictions of this study and provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, hepatic, neuromuscular, or gastrointestinal disease that could interfere with study participation or data interpretation or make the resistance training unsafe * History of severe cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, severe hypertension) * Any musculoskeletal injury that would prevent completion of the resistance exercise protocol * Ketone supplementation or adherence to a ketogenic diet * Use of medication known to influence protein metabolism * Participation in a stable-isotope tracer study in the past 6 months * Tobacco/nicotine use * Undergoing exercise sessions more than 5 days/week. * Metal implants * Paralysis, limb loss, or congenital or acquired absence of skeletal muscle * Individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU) * Dairy allergy or lactose intolerance