The Intervention Effect of Exercise on Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Injuries

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18-80 years old, no restriction on gender. 2. Diagnosed with non-specific low back pain with disease duration ≥ 3 months. 3. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) / Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score ≥ 1 point. 4. Clinically suspected lumbar multifidus muscle injury or dysfunction, with at least one abnormal finding of lumbar multifidus muscle on baseline ultrasound examination, including reduced resting thickness, left-right asymmetry, decreased cross-sectional area or increased echogenicity. 5. Able to understand the research content and voluntarily sign the informed consent form. 6. Able to cooperate to complete rehabilitation training and follow-up assessments. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of specific causes of low back pain, such as lumbar infection, tumor, fracture, inflammatory spondyloarthropathy, etc. 2. Obvious nerve root compression symptoms, cauda equina syndrome or progressive neurological deficits. 3. Previous history of lumbar spine surgery. 4. Severe lumbar spondylolisthesis, severe spinal stenosis, severe osteoporosis or other conditions unsuitable for rehabilitation training. 5. Complicated with severe cardiopulmonary disease, malignant tumor, systemic infection or other diseases intolerant to training. 6. Pregnant or lactating women. 7. Received systematic lumbar back rehabilitation training, local block/injection therapy or other interventions that may affect outcome assessment within the past 4 weeks. 8. Combined with severe mental disorders, cognitive impairment or poor compliance, unable to cooperate with the study. 9. Patients with long-term use of hormones or analgesic medications. 10. Other conditions judged by the investigator to be inappropriate for enrollment.