Impact of Delivery Mode on Infant Gut Microbiota, Visceral Sensitivity, and the Neuroenteric System

Inclusion Criteria of the babies : * 2 to 4 days old * Born vaginally or by cesarean section * Gestational age at birth ≥ 37 weeks of amenorrhea * Exclusively breastfed * With no known medical conditions * Not receiving any medical supplements other than standard vitamins * Whose mothers did not take antibiotics during the third trimester of pregnancy, other than those administered at the time of the cesarean section * Whose mothers did not take probiotics during the third trimester of pregnancy * Whose mothers did not have gestational diabetes * Whose mothers do not have any known chronic medical conditions * Whose mothers did not undergo any chronic treatment * Whose mothers had a body mass index (BMI) below 25 at the start of pregnancy * Whose mothers provided consent to participate in the study and to have their babies' stool samples collected * Whose mothers are not deprived of their liberty or under legal guardianship Exclusion Criteria of the babies : * Older than 4 days * Born before 37 weeks of gestation * Not exclusively breastfed * Receiving medical supplementation other than conventional vitamins * With any type of medical condition * Whose mothers are under 18 years of age * Whose mothers received antibiotic therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy * Whose mothers took probiotics during the third trimester of pregnancy * Whose mothers have a chronic illness * Whose mothers are undergoing chronic treatment * Whose mothers developed gestational diabetes * Whose mothers had a BMI greater than 25 at the start of pregnancy * Whose mothers did not give consent to participate in the collection of their baby's stool samples * Whose mothers are deprived of their liberty or under legal guardianship