Organoid Drug Sensitivity-Guided Therapy for Refractory Tumors

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18 years or older; any sex. 2. Unresectable or metastatic disease with measurable lesions according to RECIST version 1.1; any number of prior lines of therapy. 3. Ability to obtain sufficient fresh tumor tissue or malignant effusion for organoid establishment before treatment. 4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2. 5. Estimated life expectancy of at least 6 months. 6. Willingness to participate, ability to comply with follow-up, and signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. 2. Clinically significant active cardiac disease within the past 12 months, including congestive heart failure, symptomatic coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, or myocardial infarction. 3. Another malignancy within the past 5 years, except cured skin cancer. 4. Uncontrolled active bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, parasitic, or other infection within 4 weeks before enrollment, or a major systemic infection requiring intravenous antibiotics or hospitalization; tumor fever is excluded from this criterion. 5. Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes the participant unsuitable for the study.