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๐Ÿ“ฐ Latest breakthroughs
๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ Disease Atlas ยท Phenotype

uveal melanoma

A melanoma derived from melanocytes of the uveal tract. It is the most common primary intraocular tumor in the United States and Western Europe. Similar to melanoma of the skin, it is rare in Africa and Asia. Diagnostic procedures include ophthalmoscopic exam, fluorescein angiography and ultrasound. Treatment includes: surgical excision of the eye, iridocyclectomy and tumor resection. Recent treatments also include โ€ฆ

๐Ÿ”” Follow weekly
๐Ÿงฌ4976genes / proteins with evidence
๐Ÿ’Š84drugs and clinical candidates
๐Ÿงช12+recruiting trials worldwide
โœ…9phase 3
๐Ÿ“ˆ1phase 2/3
๐Ÿงฌ

Understand uveal melanoma

Cancer ยท Cells that grow out of control
๐ŸŽ“ Learn more

What it is

Treatment for eye cancer varies by the type and by how advanced it is. It may include surgery, radiation therapy, freezing or heat therapy, or laser therapy.

From MedlinePlus: Eye Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) โ†—

๐Ÿงฌ Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

โ“ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

๐Ÿซ€ What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

๐Ÿงฑ Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

๐Ÿš€ What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for uveal melanoma itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on uveal melanoma stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands โ€” every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens uveal melanoma.

๐ŸŽฏ

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
BAP1 BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1PROTAC๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.79
MBD4 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylasePROTAC๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.71
GNA11 G protein subunit alpha 11PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.63
GNAQ G protein subunit alpha qPROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.63
SF3B1 splicing factor 3b subunit 1PROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.62
LRP1B LDL receptor related protein 1BPROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.43
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.43
TDP1 tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.40
FGFR4 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.40
CHEK2 checkpoint kinase 2PROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.38
TSC2 TSC complex subunit 2PROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.38
CLPTM1L CLPTM1 likePROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.38
MTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.37
BRCA2 BRCA2 DNA repair associatedPROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.37
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.37

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

๐Ÿ’Š

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to uveal melanoma, by how far it has got
In phase 2 / 3 ยท 20
Belzupacap SarotalocanPhase 3
DacarbazinePhase 3
DarovasertibPhase 3
FotemustinePhase 3
IpilimumabCytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 inhibitorPhase 3
MelphalanPhase 3
Show all 20
Melphalan HydrochloridePhase 3
NivolumabProgrammed cell death protein 1 inhibitorPhase 3
SelumetinibDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor; Dual specificity miโ€ฆPhase 3
CrizotinibHepatocyte growth factor receptor inhibitor; ALK tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitorPhase 2/3
AfliberceptVascular endothelial growth factor A inhibitor; Placenta growth factor inhibitorPhase 2
AldesleukinInterleukin-2 receptor agonistPhase 2
AvutometinibDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor; Dual specificity miโ€ฆPhase 2
BelinostatHistone deacetylase inhibitorPhase 2
BevacizumabVascular endothelial growth factor A inhibitorPhase 2
BinimetinibDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor; Dual specificity miโ€ฆPhase 2
CarboplatinPhase 2
CarmustineGlutathione reductase inhibitorPhase 2
Cediranib MaleatePhase 2
CemiplimabProgrammed cell death protein 1 inhibitorPhase 2
Early trials ยท 20
BexmarilimabPhase 1/2
Bi-1206Phase 1/2
EntrectinibNeurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor; Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Rโ€ฆPhase 1/2
Pac-1Phase 1/2
RimiducidPhase 1/2
SotrastaurinProtein kinase C (PKC) inhibitorPhase 1/2
Show all 20
.Alpha.-PyrrolidinononanophenonePhase 1
AllantoinPhase 1
AlpelisibPI3-kinase p110-alpha subunit inhibitorPhase 1
Asp-1948Phase 1
CamibirstatPhase 1
CapecitabineThymidylate synthase inhibitorPhase 1
CisplatinPhase 1
CyclophosphamidePhase 1
DocetaxelTubulin inhibitorPhase 1
EmibetuzumabHepatocyte growth factor receptor inhibitorPhase 1
ErlotinibEpidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 inhibitorPhase 1
FluorouracilThymidylate synthase inhibitorPhase 1
GebasaxturevPhase 1
GemcitabineRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitor; DNA polymerase (alpha/delta/epsilon) โ€ฆPhase 1
๐Ÿงช

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Tebentafusp and Roginolisib in Uveal Melanoma to Prolong T-cell HomeostasisNCT07203391 ยท Phase 1 ยท ๐Ÿ“ SydneyTebentafusp-tebn With LDT in Metastatic UMNCT06626516 ยท Phase 1, Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ PhiladelphiaEvaluation of the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of NBM-BMX in Patients With Metastatic Uveal MelanomaNCT07136181 ยท Phase 1, Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ ScottsdaleNeoadjuvant Tebentafusp in Patients With Metastatic Uveal MelanomaNCT07057596 ยท Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ BerlinPhase 2 Combination of Melphalan/HDS Via PHP + Tebentafusp in Treating Metastatic Uveal MelanomaNCT07276386 ยท Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ TampaNeoadjuvant Tebentafusp for Uveal MelanomaNCT06414590 ยท Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ PhiladelphiaAdjuvant Melatonin for Uveal MelanomaNCT05502900 ยท Phase 3 ยท ๐Ÿ“ StockholmNeoadjuvant Darovasertib in Primary Uveal MelanomaNCT07015190 ยท Phase 3 ยท ๐Ÿ“ ScottsdaleRetrospective Register for Uveal MelanomaNCT05733728 ยท n/a ยท ๐Ÿ“ ViennaFollow-up of Patients With Uveal Melanoma Adapted to the Risk of Relapse (SALOME)NCT04424719 ยท NA ยท ๐Ÿ“ ParisAdjuvant Tebentafusp in High Risk Ocular MelanomaNCT06246149 ยท Phase 3 ยท ๐Ÿ“ Lake SuccessIdentification of New Candidate Genes for Hereditary Predisposition to Uveal MelanomaNCT06550674 ยท NA ยท ๐Ÿ“ Clermont-Ferrand Search more trials โ†’
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