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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Immune system disorder

systemic lupus erythematosus

An autoimmune multi-organ disease typically associated with vasculopathy and autoantibody production. Most patients have antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The presence of anti-dsDNA or anti-Smith antibodies are highly-specific.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬6399genes / proteins with evidence
💊207drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅8approved
📈37phase 3
🛡️

Understand systemic lupus erythematosus

Autoimmune diseases · The immune system attacking the body
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Lupus is a chronic (long-lasting) type of autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This attack causes inflammation. It can also damage many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.

There are several types of lupus:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common type. It can be mild or severe and can affect many parts of the body.

From MedlinePlus: Lupus (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🛡️ Autoimmune diseases: In autoimmune diseases the immune system, which should fight germs, attacks the body's own healthy tissue - the joints in rheumatoid arthritis, many organs in lupus, nerves in multiple sclerosis.

❓ Why it happens

  • A mix of genes and triggers - such as infections, smoking or hormones - but the exact cause is often unknown.
  • They are more common in women.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Long-lasting inflammation causes pain, swelling and tiredness, and can damage joints and organs.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Calming the immune system too much makes infections more likely.
  • Flare-ups are hard to predict, and most of these diseases can be controlled but not yet cured.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines (biologics, JAK inhibitors) that block single steps of inflammation.
  • CAR-T cell therapy that "resets" the immune system, showing early promise in severe lupus.
  • Therapies that teach the immune system to tolerate the body again.

General information about autoimmune diseases, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for systemic lupus erythematosus itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on systemic lupus erythematosus stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TREX1 three prime repair exonuclease 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.78
DNASE1L3 deoxyribonuclease 1L3PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.75
TLR7 toll like receptor 7PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.74
BLK BLK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.68
TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.66
PTPN22 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.65
IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.65
CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4antibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
TNFSF13B TNF superfamily member 13bantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60
BANK1 B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
TNFSF4 TNF superfamily member 4antibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.58
IFNAR1 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1PROTACantibodyother🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.58
C1R complement C1r🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to systemic lupus erythematosus, by how far it has got
Approved · 8
AnifrolumabInterferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain antagonistApproved
BelimumabTumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B inhibitorApproved
Cortisone AcetateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
DexamethasoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
Dexamethasone Sodium PhosphateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
Hydroxychloroquine SulfateToll-like receptor 7 antagonist; Toll-like receptor 9 antagonistApproved
Show all 8
PrednisoloneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
PrednisoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
Abetimus SodiumPhase 3
AldesleukinInterleukin-2 receptor agonistPhase 3
AzathioprineAmidophosphoribosyltransferase inhibitorPhase 3
BaricitinibTyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 inhibitor; Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 inhibitorPhase 3
BlisibimodTumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B inhibitorPhase 3
CenerimodSphingosine 1-phosphate receptor Edg-1 modulatorPhase 3
Show all 20
CholecalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 3
CyclophosphamidePhase 3
Dapirolizumab PegolCD40 ligand inhibitorPhase 3
DeucravacitinibTyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 negative allosteric modulatorPhase 3
EpratuzumabCD22 inhibitorPhase 3
EstrogenPhase 3
Estrogens, ConjugatedEstrogen receptor agonistPhase 3
Folic AcidPhase 3
ForigerimodHeat shock cognate 71 kDa protein inhibitorPhase 3
Forigerimod AcetateHeat shock cognate 71 kDa protein inhibitorPhase 3
HydroxychloroquineToll-like receptor 7 antagonist; Toll-like receptor 9 antagonistPhase 3
IanalumabTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C binding agentPhase 3
IbuprofenCyclooxygenase inhibitorPhase 3
LaquinimodPhase 3
Early trials · 20
Aminolevulinic AcidPhase 1/2
Aminolevulinic Acid HydrochloridePhase 1/2
Apg-2575Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 inhibitorPhase 1/2
AvizakimabPhase 1/2
BudoprutugPhase 1/2
ClopidogrelPurinergic receptor P2Y12 antagonistPhase 1/2
Show all 20
Fludarabine PhosphateRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitor; DNA polymerase (alpha/delta/epsilon) …Phase 1/2
KetamineGlutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulatorPhase 1/2
Lipoic Acid, AlphaPhase 1/2
Methylprednisolone AcetateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 1/2
NaltrexoneOpioid receptors; mu/kappa/delta antagonistPhase 1/2
PioglitazonePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonistPhase 1/2
Resecabtagene AutoleucelPhase 1/2
Tacrolimus AnhydrousFK506-binding protein 1A inhibitorPhase 1/2
TafasitamabB-lymphocyte antigen CD19 binding agentPhase 1/2
Thioctic AcidPhase 1/2
TofacitinibJanus Kinase (JAK) inhibitorPhase 1/2
ZetomipzomibPhase 1/2
Ab-101Phase 1
AlemtuzumabCAMPATH-1 antigen inhibitorPhase 1
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