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๐Ÿ“ฐ Latest breakthroughs
๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ Disease Atlas ยท Gastrointestinal disease

oral cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

๐Ÿ”” Follow weekly
๐Ÿงฌ5728genes / proteins with evidence
๐Ÿ’Š1drugs and clinical candidates
๐Ÿงช12+recruiting trials worldwide
โœ…1early phase 1
๐Ÿงฌ

Understand oral cavity carcinoma

Cancer ยท Cells that grow out of control
๐ŸŽ“ Learn more

What it is

Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer. Most oral cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an HPV infection.

Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Oral Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) โ†—

๐Ÿงฌ Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

โ“ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

๐Ÿซ€ What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

๐Ÿงฑ Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

๐Ÿš€ What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for oral cavity carcinoma itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on oral cavity carcinoma stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands โ€” every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens oral cavity carcinoma.

๐ŸŽฏ

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.64
NOTCH1 notch receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.63
HRAS HRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.61
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.61
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1PROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.57
MAML2 mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 2๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.56
CRTC1 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1PROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.56
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.55
NFIB nuclear factor I BPROTAC๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.55
MYB MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factorPROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.54
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2CPROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.54
FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7PROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.54
CRTC3 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3PROTAC๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.53
CASP8 caspase 8PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.53
KDM6A lysine demethylase 6APROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.53

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to oral cavity carcinoma, by how far it has got
Early trials ยท 1
CisplatinEarly phase 1
๐Ÿงช

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Tirelizumab in Combination With Carboplatin and Albumin-binding Paclitaxel for Neoadjuvant Therapy in HNSCCNCT05941338 ยท Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ GuangzhouVMD-928 Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab to Treat TrkA Overexpression Driven Solid Tumors orโ€ฆNCT03556228 ยท Phase 1, Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ Santa RosaPhase II Study of Oral Metformin for Intravesical Treatment of Non-muscle-invasive Bladder CancerNCT03379909 ยท Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ NijmegenA Study of MT-4561 in Patients With Various Advanced Solid TumorsNCT06943521 ยท Phase 1, Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ Los AngelesEffect of Immunonutrients on Oral Mucositis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients After ChemoradiotherapyNCT05892354 ยท NA ยท ๐Ÿ“ FuzhouWindow Trial of Fluorescently Labeled Panitumumab (Panitumumab-IRDye800) in Head and Neck CancerNCT06819228 ยท Phase 1 ยท ๐Ÿ“ NashvilleDocetaxel and SX-682 in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Salivary Gland Carcinoma,โ€ฆNCT07667400 ยท Phase 1, Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ BethesdaPrediction of Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia Using a MAGE-A-based ImmunoscoreNCT03975322 ยท n/a ยท ๐Ÿ“ ErlangenA Study of Oral 7HP349 (Alintegimod) in Combination With Ipilimumab Followed by Nivolumab MonotherapyNCT06362369 ยท Phase 1, Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ AuroraA Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung CancerNCT07659782 ยท Phase 2 ยท ๐Ÿ“ ScottsdaleProspective Cohort Study on Oral Microbiome Changes in Patients With Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcโ€ฆNCT07111455 ยท n/a ยท ๐Ÿ“ GuangzhouA Study Evaluating the Effect of Aumolertinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam in Patients With NSCLCNCT06926413 ยท Phase 1 ยท ๐Ÿ“ Hangzhou Search more trials โ†’
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

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